Don’t Ignore These 6 Signs of Glaucoma
According to the National Institute on Aging, normal changes in the aging eye usually do not harm your vision. These changes are a natural part of the aging process and can include common issues such as trouble reading fine print, difficulty seeing at night, dry eyes, objects blending into backgrounds, and reduced pupil size. While actual vision loss is not a normal part of aging, the chances of developing certain conditions or diseases do rise with age. One such disease, glaucoma, may not always present obvious warning signs, and its effects can be gradual, often unnoticed until the condition reaches advanced stages. Regular eye exams that include measurements of eye pressure can be the key to early detection. Your best first line of defense is always a visit to your eye doctor. Nevertheless, glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness in seniors, so, at the very least, it’s important to be aware of the potential signs.
What is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a progressive eye disease that damages the optic nerve, which is responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain. The condition typically occurs when there is fluid buildup in the front part of the eye, leading to increased pressure and subsequent damage to the optic nerve.
Who Does Glaucoma Affect?
You can be affected by glaucoma at any age, but it is more commonly seen in older adults, particularly those over the age of 60.
What are the Types of Glaucoma?
There are various types of glaucoma, including open-angle glaucoma (the most prevalent form), narrow-angle glaucoma, congenital glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma. Here’s what to know about each:
Narrow-Angle Glaucoma
Narrow-angle glaucoma develops suddenly and often leads to rapid and permanent vision loss. It causes built-up pressure and intense pain. This type of glaucoma accounts for less than 10% of all cases.
Narrow-angle glaucoma occurs when the drainage angle inside the eye, responsible for allowing fluid to flow out properly, becomes blocked. Consequently, there is a buildup of fluid, resulting in a sudden and significant increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). This elevated pressure can cause immediate damage to the optic nerve, leading to vision impairment.
Read Next: 5 Helpful Tips on Dealing with Eye Strain
Congenital Glaucoma
Congenital glaucoma encompasses a group of rare eye conditions that are present from birth. In cases of congenital glaucoma, there is a malfunction in the drainage of fluid from the eye, leading to increased pressure on the optic nerve. This condition can result in vision impairment and other complications.
Secondary Glaucoma
Secondary glaucoma, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, refers to any form of glaucoma in which there is an identifiable cause of increased eye pressure, resulting in optic nerve damage and vision loss. It can occur as a side effect or “secondary” to another underlying medical condition, trauma, or acquired condition.
What are the Warning Signs of Glaucoma?
Glaucoma has no visible symptoms in its earliest stages. However, as the disease progresses, some warning signs may appear, such as:
Blurred Vision
While blurriness can be a symptom of many eye conditions, it’s particularly concerning if it’s accompanied by other symptoms. If you notice that your vision is continually blurry even with glasses, then it’s time to seek medical attention. Glaucoma initially starts by damaging peripheral vision, and in the advanced stages, it can impair your central vision too. Blurry vision or double vision may be the result.
Eye Pain & Pressure
One of the most common signs of glaucoma is pain, pressure, and discomfort in the eye. Glaucoma occurs when the fluid in your eye doesn’t drain properly, causing pressure on your optic nerve. This pressure can lead to severe headaches and eye pain, particularly behind the eye. If you have pain in your eyes or a feeling of pressure behind your eyes, then you should see an eye doctor as soon as possible.
Vision Loss
Glaucoma is a condition that progresses over time, so you may not notice changes in your vision right away. However, it usually begins with the loss of peripheral. Then, as the condition worsens, it progresses to the more central part of your field of vision.
Tunnel Vision
One of the first noticeable signs of glaucoma is often the loss of peripheral vision. This is usually referred to as “tunnel vision.”
Nausea & Vomiting
If you experience nausea, vomiting, and eye pain all at the same time, this could be a sign of glaucoma or another condition. It’s best to seek medical attention as soon as possible.
Seeing Rainbow-Colored Halos
One of the trickiest signs of glaucoma to notice is seeing rainbow-colored halos around bright lights. This can be caused by the pressure on the optic nerve, and it’s essential not to ignore it. If you notice this symptom, talk to your eye doctor as soon as possible.
What if You Are Experiencing Any of These Signs?
Keep in mind that glaucoma is a progressive disease, meaning it’s usually diagnosed through regular eye exams. However, if you experience any of these symptoms, then see a doctor immediately.
How is Glaucoma Treated?
Glaucoma treatment involves various approaches depending on the specific case. Doctors employ different types of treatment for glaucoma, including medications in the form of eye drops, laser therapy, and surgery. Eye drops and oral medications can reduce the pressure build-up in the eye, while surgery may be performed to open up blocked drainage channels. If your glaucoma is caught early, then more treatment options are available with better outcomes.
Need More Help?
When it comes to eye health (or any other health, for that matter!) always consult with your healthcare provider about the best treatment options.
If you need more information on glaucoma, then try these resources:
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Originally published July 31, 2023
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