The 5 Most Common Age-Related Eye Diseases

As we age, our bodies go through various changes. Unfortunately, our eyes are no exception. In fact, approximately one in three Americans experience eye problems by the age of sixty-five. Left untreated, certain age-related eye diseases can lead to vision loss and even blindness. Fortunately, knowledge is power. Here are the 5 most common age-related eye diseases…and ways you can protect your eyes as you age.

1. Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of vision loss in people over the age of 50. This condition targets the macula, the part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. Symptoms of AMD include:

• Blurriness
• Dark spots
• Loss of central vision
• Distortion of straight lines or objects

While the causes of AMD are not fully understood, risk factors include age, genetics, smoking, and poor diet. Additionally, there are two types of AMD: dry and wet. Dry AMD accounts for 90 percent of cases and progresses slowly. Meanwhile, wet AMD is more severe and fast-acting. Sadly, AMD has no cure. However, treatments such as injections and laser therapy can help slow deterioration and preserve vision.

2. Cataracts

Cataracts are a clouding of the eye’s natural lens, caused by protein breakdown in the lenses. While often related to age, other factors such as smoking, excessive sun exposure, and certain medications can also contribute. Symptoms of cataracts include:

• Cloudy or blurry vision
• Difficulty seeing at night or in low light
• Sensitivity to glare
• Double vision in one eye
• Perceiving “halos” around lights

The good news is, cataracts can be removed through surgery. Additionally, cataracts may be easy to prevent. Having regular eye exams, quitting smoking, and wearing sunglasses are just three methods of prevention. However, if you’re experiencing blurry vision or sudden eye changes, schedule an appointment with your eye doctor sooner rather than later.

3. Glaucoma

Glaucoma refers to a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve. A somewhat undetectable condition, it often has no noticeable symptoms until vision loss occurs. The most common type is primary open-angle glaucoma, which occurs when the eye’s drainage system becomes clogged, increasing eye pressure. Other risk factors include age, family history, and ethnicity. However, regular eye exams can detect glaucoma early and prevent further vision loss. Treatment options may include eye drops, medication, or surgery.

4. Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy may cause vision loss and blindness in people with diabetes. High levels of blood sugar can damage the blood vessels, causing them to leak fluid or bleed. Symptoms of diabetic retinopathy include:

• Blurred vision
• Floaters
• Difficulty seeing at night
• Dark spots in vision

Maintaining good blood sugar control and regular eye exams are important in preventing diabetic retinopathy. Treatment options include laser therapy, injections, and surgery.

5. Dry Eye Syndrome

Dry eye syndrome is a common condition that occurs when your eyes do not produce enough tears or when the tears evaporate too quickly. Symptoms include:

• Dryness
• Redness
• Irritation
• Sensitivity to light

This condition is more common in women and people over the age of 50. Causes of dry eye syndrome include aging, certain medications, and health conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren’s syndrome. However, eye drops, medications, and lifestyle changes may lessen symptoms of dry eye syndrome.

As we age, it’s important to keep up to date with our eye health. Regular eye exams are a crucial part of maintaining good eye health and catching any eye diseases early. If you experience any changes in your vision, reach out to an eye doctor. Take care of your eyes by living a healthy life, full of good habits, nutritious foods, and plenty of water. By taking these steps, you can help prevent age-related eye diseases and enjoy good optic health well into your golden years!

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